管理极端天气和气候变化对南部地区堤防的影响
改变天气状况
根据我t Office, all of the UK's ten warmest years on record have occurred since 2002. Heatwaves, like that of summer 2018, are now 30 times more likely to happen due to climate change. Heavy rainfall is also more likely. Since 1998, the UK has seen有记录以来最潮湿的十年中的七年. 由于气候变化，2015年的冬季风暴发生的可能性至少高出40%。
Heatwaves通过热辐射以及树木和植被吸收所有水分，使铁路所建的土壤变干，从而影响我们的铁路。这使得它更难保持良好的状态，因为土地干燥不均。此外，当树木受到水的压力时，它们抵御强风和风暴的能力就会降低，可能会掉到铁路上。
Heavy rain has an even worse impact. In 2019 we saw three months of rain in November and then a whole month of rain in one week in December. The soil around (and on) the铁路饱和直到2020年5月才会干涸。
自12月中旬以来，我们一直在处理一系列不同严重程度的山地阶，其中最值得注意的是epsom，在epsom，于1月6日修正，并在Edenbridge仍然关闭，并将这种方式截至2020年末。
此外，霍尔沙姆至多尔金的线路将关闭至1月21日星期二，以便在奥克利修复一条滑道。
我们在该地区拥有其他不影响火车的持续山体，包括：
- 在Wivelsfield的布莱顿主线，靠近伯尼斯山。
- On the East Grinstead line at Cookspond near Dormans.
- 在Hever的Uckfield线上。
气候变化预计将增加极端天气和气候变化的严重性和频率我们现在正计划在未来提供一个安全、可靠的网络.
Network Rail has a天气弹性和气候变化适应策略这旨在嵌入管理气候变化的管理范围内南部地区有气象和气候变化行动计划详细说明我们正在做的工作，以增加铁路的弹性。
我们如何管理极端天气对南部地区路堤的影响
Our railway was the among the first in the world and some of our busiest lines were built as early as the 1830s. This includes the Redhill-Tonbridge line, where the Edenbridge landslip happened on 22 December 2019. Work began here in 1836.
为了省钱，铁路建设者将土地购买保持在最低限度，这意味着堤防和切割非常狭窄，陡峭。这使得它们容易受到极端天气的影响。此外，他们雇用了不同质量的承包商。值得注意的是，钟桥上的隧道到黑斯廷斯线路没有足够的砖砌层，并且不得不在以后加强，使隧道狭窄和单轨。
此外，对“土壤力学”的了解在那些日子里没有提前，并且堤道是由从切屑中提取的任何材料被提取的材料。在某些情况下，例如Edenbridge和以前的石墨等地区的山床，不同的材料层倾倒在彼此之上，并在顶部建造的铁路。当粉笔和粘土混合时，这是一个特殊的问题 - 这通常是南方的情况。水渗透粉笔，然后击中粘土并耗尽它。随着不同材料以不同的速率吸收水，最终一层将从另一层滑动，并且覆盖覆盖率。
The geology of the south is mixed and railways will often be built of very different materials in a short distance.
如果你以布莱顿主线为例，它直接穿过那些不同的地层，从白垩开始，然后穿过高尔特（粘土）、绿砂和更多粘土的带。Wivelsfield滑坡位于粘土区域，Edenbridge也是。
Clay is a continuing challenge for Network Rail as it absorbs water and expands during the winter and then dries off and contracts as trees and vegetation soak up the water. This leads to poor track quality and at worst, landslips.
It is a myth that trees hold embankments and cuttings together and landslips happen when we remove them. Trees are quite useful at the toe of embankments, as their weight acts as an anchor, but anywhere else on embankments and cuttings, their weight can pull them down and during summer they soak up water and cause the earthworks to dry out. In addition, in a wet winter their root balls weaken and they can fall on the railway in high winds.
我们通过以下挑战条件管理我们的基础设施：
- Monitoring track quality and sites where we have concerns;
- 采取主动行动，如在Barnehurst and Wivelsfield，重建和重新修整薄弱的土方工程（有效地使其不太陡峭）；
- Rebuilding drainage, such as on the Brighton Main Line upgrade project, maintain it and keep it free from debris; and
- 从扦插和堤防中移除树木和植被。
我们将如何使铁路适应气候变化？
We have commissioned a major report into climate change and our railway infrastructure in the South and what we need to do to adapt it to changing weather patterns. We know we can’t rebuild every mile of railway, but we can continue to work hard to protect it and also find out if there are new ways of working or technology that can help us.